狼疮性癫痫发生的相关因素分析

目的探讨发生狼疮性癫痫的相关因素并与其他重症神经精神性狼疮(NPLE)相比较。方法1990～2002年我院住院的重症NPLE患者108例,其中癫痫患者44例,占40.7%,对其各项临床指征进行回顾性分析。结果单因素分析显示癫痫组患者皮肤黏膜病变发生率显著低于其他脑病患者(P<0.01);血肌酐、三酰甘油、感染发生率、脑电异常显著高于其他脑病患者(P<0.05);是否应用大剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白(IVIg)联合治疗亦与癫痫发生相关(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析示,血三酰甘油、脑电异常进入多元回归方程。结论上述临床指征与狼疮性癫痫发生相关,其中血三酰甘油、脑电异常是重要的临床相关因素。     

Prediction of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease: Role of Machine Learning and Maximal Exercise Capacity

ObjectiveTo develop a prediction model for survival of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) using health conditions beyond cardiovascular risk factors, including maximal exercise capacity, through the application of machine learning (ML) techniques.MethodsAnalysis of data from a retrospective cohort linking clinical, administrative, and vital status databases from 1995 to 2016 was performed. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, diagnosis of CAD, referral to a cardiac rehabilitation program, and available baseline exercise test results. Primary outcome was death from any cause. Feature selection was performed using supervised and unsupervised ML techniques. The final prognostic model used the survival tree (ST) algorithm.ResultsFrom the cohort of 13,362 patients (60±11 years; 2400 [18%] women), 1577 died during a median follow-up of 8 years (interquartile range, 4 to 13 years), with an estimated survival of 67% up to 21 years. Feature selection revealed age and peak metabolic equivalents (METs) as the features with the greatest importance for mortality prediction. Using these 2 features, the ST generated a long-term prediction with a C-index of 0.729 by splitting patients in 8 clusters with different survival probabilities (P<.001). The ST root node was split by peak METs of 6.15 or less or more than 6.15, and each patient’s subgroup was further split by age or other peak METs cut points.ConclusionApplying ML techniques, age and maximal exercise capacity accurately predict mortality in patients with CAD and outperform variables commonly used for decision-making in clinical practice. A novel and simple prognostic model was established, and maximal exercise capacity was further suggested to be one of the most powerful predictors of mortality in CAD.     

细菌性肝脓肿影响因素分析

目的探讨细菌性肝脓肿(pyogenic hepatic abscess,PHA)的患病风险。方法采用1∶1配对的病例对照研究,对31对病例及对照组相关9个危险因素进行条件Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分显示DM(OR=6.328,95%CI:1.787～22.409)、胆道疾病(OR=8.759,95%CI:1.006～76.097)和恶性肿瘤史(OR=4.444,95%CI:0.467～42.258)是PHA的可能风险因素(均P<0.20);多因素Logistic回归分析显示DM(OR=7.747,95%CI:1.975～28.275)是PHA的风险因素(P=0.003)。结论 DM患者患PHA的风险是非DM患者的7.75倍,提高对DM增加PHA患病风险的认识,早期诊治可能会改善预后。     

歧视与病耻感量表(DISC)中文版在精神障碍患者中的信度和效度研究

目的:评估歧视与病耻感量表(DISC)在中国精神障碍患者中的信度和效度。方法:引进Thornicroft团队研发的DISC,按初译、回译等步骤形成DISC中文版,以242例精神障碍患者作为受访对象,验证量表的信度和效度。结果:DISC的Cronbach'α系数为0.70,分半信度为0.85,总分重测信度为0.83;DISC分量表1总分与精神疾病内在病耻感调查表(ISMI)歧视经历因子分呈正相关(r=0.417,P0.01),分量表2总分与ISMI社会退缩因子分呈正相关(r=0.332,P0.01);分量表2总分与自尊量表(SES)总分呈正相关(r=0.250,P0.01),分量表3总分与SES总分呈负相关(r=-0.187,P0.01);分量表4总分与社会支持评定量表(SSRS)客观支持分以及对支持的利用度分均呈正相关(r=0.177,0.170,P均0.01)。结论:DISC中文版具有较好的信度和效度,可作为评估精神障碍患者歧视与病耻感的临床工具。     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发病相关因素分析

目的探讨与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)发生相关的因素,从而为降低NRDS发病率提供临床资料。方法2011年1月-2014年3月期间选择在本院新生儿科出生并被诊断为NRDS的70例患儿作为病例组,按1∶1.2的比例收集同期出生的84例非NRDS新生儿作为对照组。回顾性收集病例组与对照组新生儿的相关临床资料,并进行单因素和Logistic回归分析。结果 1)单因素分析结果:病例组孕妇年龄和男性、宫内感染、选择性剖宫产、羊水吸入、宫内窘迫与产时窒息的比例均高于对照组(P0.05);患儿胎龄和产前使用激素的比例低于对照组的值(P0.05);2)Logistic回归分析结果:产时窒息(OR=11.3,P=0.025)、出生体重2 500g(OR=10.2,P=0.004)、选择性剖宫产(OR=6.2,P=0.002)、性别(OR=3.7,P=0.04)和孕妇年龄(岁)(OR=1.7,P0.001)是NRDS的独立危险因素;而胎龄(周)(OR=0.6,P=0.002)和产前使用激素(OR=0.1,P0.001)则是NRDS的独立保护因素。结论孕妇年龄、低出生体重、男性、选择性剖宫产和产时窒息能增加NRDS发生的风险;而长胎龄和产前使用激素能降低NRDS的发生风险。     

To What Extent do Sleep Quality and Duration Mediate the Effect of Perceived Discrimination on Health? Evidence from Philadelphia

Little research investigates whether sleep mediates the adverse effect of perceived discrimination on health and even less is known about whether sleep quality and sleep duration mediate the relationships in the same fashion. We applied a recently developed mediation analysis approach to a survey administered in 2008 in Philadelphia, PA, that includes 9042 adults. Health was measured with self-rated health, stress, and mental illness. Perceived discrimination was operationalized with self-reported discriminatory experience in two social contexts, namely health care system and housing market. Sleep quality and duration were measured with a five-point Likert scale and the self-reported sleep time at night, respectively. After controlling for one’s demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics, the mediation analysis quantified how much sleep quality and duration can account for the effect of perceived discrimination on these health outcomes. The key findings are: (a) sleep quality and duration accounted for approximately 15 to 25 % of the adverse effect of perceived discrimination. (b) Sleep quality is more important than sleep duration in mediating the relationship between perceived discrimination and health. (c) The proportion of the effect mediated by sleep differs by the social context where perceived discrimination occurred. It was confirmed that sleep mediates the relationship between perceived discrimination and health and the interventions to improve sleep, particularly sleep quality, should help to attenuate the effect of perceived discrimination on health.     

非局麻乳房清洁切口手术部位感染多中心调查

目的了解非局麻乳房清洁切口手术部位感染(SSI)发病率,评估感染相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查福建省22所医院共3 327例非局麻乳房清洁切口手术病例,分析其SSI情况及相关危险因素。结果 3 327例患者,恶性肿瘤者1 502例(45.19%),平均手术时间(101.18±8.04)min;共发生SSI 24例,发病率为0.72%;253例(7.60%)术前预防性使用抗菌药物,62.66%在术前0.5~2 h内使用抗菌药物。主要感染病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌。对SSI相关危险因素进行单因素和logistic回归分析,结果显示恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、使用免疫抑制剂是SSI的危险因素(均P0.05)。结论非局麻乳房清洁切口SSI控制情况较好;同时,临床术前应主动评估患者SSI危险因素,采取综合防控措施降低感染风险。     

High Physical Activity is Associated with an Improved Lipid Profile and Resting Heart Rate among Healthy Middle-aged Chinese People

Objective To investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on dyslipidemia and elevated resting heart rate (RHR) in a large-scale cross-sectional study in China. Methods We recruited community-based individuals who were 40-60 years old using a cluster sampling method. The PA levels of the participants were classified as low, moderate, or high, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Dyslipidemia was defined as the detection of abnormalities in lipid indicators, and 4 lipid parameters were evaluated using fasting blood samples. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of PA with dyslipidemia and RHR. Results A total of 10,321 participants (38.88% men) were included in this study. The percentages of individuals with high, moderate, and low PA levels were 46.5%, 43.9%, and 9.6%, respectively. In both men and women, high PA provided odds ratios of 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 0.94] for dyslipidemia and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.92) for elevated RHR, compared to participants with low PA. Conclusion Our data suggested that substantial health benefits (related to dyslipidemia and elevated RHR) occurred at higher intensity PA, with greater energy consumption, in middle-aged Chinese people, and particularly in men.